Brookhaven National Laboratory

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Estimated Site Total

(Thousands of Current Year Dollars)
	FY 1996	1997	1998	1999	2000
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization	450	463	477	492	506	Grey shaded area reflects annual cost estimates for the first five years of the site BEMR Base Case (as of October 1995) and includes 3% annual inflation, see Readers' Guide.
Environmental Restoration	20,001	20,599	23,340	24,580	32,058
Waste Management	7,265	7,736	7,968	8,207	7,552
Total	27,716	28,799	31,785	33,279	40,116
1996 Appropriation	25,151			These levels reflect the current estimates for compliance with applicable statutes and agreements (as of March 1996), see Readers' Guide.
1997 Congressional Request		25,850
(Five-Year Averages, Thousands of Constant 1996 Dollars)
	FY 1996-2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization	450	821	464
Environmental Restoration	22,595	19,552	7,649	5,138	2,837	2,824	2,824
Waste Management	7,302	6,710	6,710	6,660	6,660	9,093	6,660
Total	30,347	27,083	14,822	11,798	9,497	11,917	9,484
	FY 2035	2040	2045	2050	2055	2060	2065
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization
Environmental Restoration	3,057
Waste Management	6,730	7,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660
Total	9,787	7,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660
	FY 2070	2075	2080	2085	2090	2095	2100	Life Cycle*
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization								8,673
Environmental Restoration								332,383
Waste Management	7,660							525,723
Total	7,660							866,779
* Total Life Cycle is the sum of the annual costs in constant FY 1996 dollars.

FACILITY MISSION

Brookhaven National Laboratory is the former site of a U.S. Army installation, Camp Upton. It has been involved in research and development activities in support of the Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies since 1947.

Brookhaven National Laboratory's current mission is to conduct fundamental research, including conception, design, construction, and operation of large, complex research facilities. These facilities are used to carry out both basic and applied research in high energy and nuclear physics; in basic energy sciences emphasizing fundamental research on biological, chemical, and physical phenomena underlying energy-related transfer, conversion and storage systems; and in the life sciences, nuclear medicine, and medical applications of nuclear techniques.

The Environmental Management program is responsible for addressing the environmental contamination resulting from the laboratory's past research and development activities, as well as for providing ongoing waste management support its ongoing activities.

The Office of Energy Research is the landlord at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and is assumed to remain in this capacity for the duration of this estimate.

FUTURE USE

The Future Use Site Working Group identifies future land use at the Brookhaven National Laboratory as Industrial, Residential, and Open Space/Wildlife Management. Since this report assumes that the current mission will continue for the life cycle of this estimate, future use of laboratory facilities will remain Industrial, with restricted access. Residential areas currently consist of onsite housing for laboratory workers. The future use for all other areas, outside the laboratory's structural configuration, is assumed to be Open Space/Wildlife Management.

NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND FACILITY STABILIZATION

Although the Brookhaven National Laboratory has not yet entered the Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization program, this baseline report assumes that approximately 24 facilities, including a Graphite Research Reactor, several waste storage facilities, offices, and a warehouse, will enter the program in FY 1996. This report also assumes that Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization program activities at these facilities will be completed by FY 2009. All facilities are assumed to transfer to the Environmental Restoration program for decommissioning. See the Site Map for the locations of Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization program activities. All treatment, storage, and disposal activities are conducted by the Waste Management program.

Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization Activities Cost Estimate

(Five-Year Averages, Thousands of Constant 1996 Dollars)
	FY 1996-2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030	Life Cycle*
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization	450	821	464					8,673
* Total Life Cycle is the sum of the annual costs in constant FY 1996 dollars.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION

The principal environmental medium of concern at Brookhaven National Laboratory is ground water. Because the Laboratory is situated over a sole-source aquifer providing potable water for Long Island, the Environmental Protection Agency placed it on the National Priorities List in 1989. Consequently, Brookhaven's environmental restoration activities are focused on remediation of contamination resulting from past research and development work that may have migrated through soils, surface water, and related transport mechanisms into the aquifer. Characterization investigations are being completed to clarify the extent of remediation needed. Contaminants of concern include metals, organic compounds, and radionuclides such as tritium and cesium-137. Contamination occurred as a result of accidental spills and/or past operating practices.

In 1992, the Brookhaven National Laboratory signed an Interagency Agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. This agreement integrates the requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and relevant state regulations. In addition, the agreement divides the Laboratory into "Areas of Concern" that have been grouped into Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection Areas of Concern (sites where a documented release occurred), Operable Units (groupings of Areas of Concern based on similar activities, similar contaminants, and/or geographic continuity), and Removal Activities (interim removal actions across the site).

The Brookhaven National Laboratory expects to continue with the Remedial Investigation work currently under way as specified by the Interagency Agreement. Remedial activities will be designed and completed as dictated by results from investigations of specific operable units, with ground-water remediation and prevention of further contamination as the focus of restoration activities. Contaminants, media, and risk are presented by the groupings below.

The Environmental Restoration program at the Brookhaven National Laboratory is responsible for characterizing and packaging waste generated by its activities.

Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspections

This task is intended to provide sufficient additional data to eliminate sites from further consideration or include them in an existing operable unit for further study and remediation. At the present time, a total of approximately 80 Areas of Interest have been identified for further study. Contamination sources and specific contaminants for a few of the Areas of Interest are unknown, although they are assumed to be organics, metals, and radionuclides. These sitewide investigations are currently expected to be complete in FY 2005. However, additional areas of concern discovered during field investigations for the operable units discussed above will be incorporated for further investigation and remediation, if appropriate.

Operable Unit 1/6

Sources of contamination at Operable Unit 1/6 include the Hazardous Waste Management Facility (in operation since 1949); two inactive landfill areas; Glass/Chemical/Animal Disposal Pits; two storm-water runoff recharge basins, and the Upland Recharge Experiment Area/Meadow Marsh. Contaminants include uranium and plutonium isotopes, cesium-137, tritium, strontium-90, organics, and metals. The contaminated media at Operable Unit 1/6 consist of soil, ground water, surface water, surface sediment, flora and fauna. The Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study assumed to be completed in FY 1997 will delineate the extent of contamination. However, ground-water contamination is known to have migrated offsite.

Interim action to address the ground-water situation will begin in FY 1996 and will involve hydraulic containment/treatment and alternate water supplies for residential users. Interim actions are also being conducted at the two landfills. The current landfill was capped in FY 1995, and the former landfill will be capped in FY 1996. Excavation and treatment options are being evaluated for the Glass/Chemical/Animal Pits. This report assumes that remedial actions will be completed by FY 2007.

This report assumes that activities at Operable Unit 1/6 will include ground-water monitoring until FY 2031. All costs associated with long-term surveillance and monitoring activities at this operable unit are included within the scope of remedial actions.

This baseline report assumes that remedial activities at Operable Unit 1/6 will generate approximately 110,000 cubic meters (148,500 cubic yards) of low-level waste soils for Operable Unit 1. The Landfills Removal Action is expected to handle 55,449 cubic meters (74,856 cubic yards) of low-level, low-level mixed and hazardous waste during FY 1997.

Operable Unit 2/7

Sources of contamination at Operable Unit 2/7 include the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor, the Waste Concentration Facility, the Alternate Gradient Synchrotron scrap yards, the former Low-Mass Criticality Facility, and a Particle Beam "Dump." Contaminants include cesium-137, cobalt-60, strontium-90, and cesium-134. The contaminated media at Operable Unit 2/7 is soil. The Remedial Investigation, which will be completed in FY 1996 will delineate the extent of the contamination. Evaluations for the final remedy for this operable unit will be performed in the Operable Unit I Feasibility Study to provide a consistent site-wide approach for radiologically contaminated soils. This report assumes that assessments will be completed by FY 2000, and that the remedial action will include soil excavation and treatment, with no ground-water remedial action. This report also assumes that remedial action will be completed by FY 2002 and will generate approximately 15,697 cubic meters (20,563 cubic yards) of low-level waste.

Operable Unit 3

Sources of contamination at Operable Unit 3 include a building transfer line and underground storage tanks; Bubble Chamber Area; the Physics Department's Cloud Chamber Group; the old firehouse; the site sewage pipes, the warehouse area, and the former chemistry complex. Contaminants include organics, inorganics, tritium, strontium-90, cesium-137, sodium-22, and cobalt-60. Contaminated media at this operable unit include soil, ground water, and surface sediment. The extent of the contamination will be delineated in the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, which will be completed in FY 1998. However, ground-water contamination is known to have migrated offsite, and an interim action to address this situation will be conducted under Operable Unit 1. This report assumes that remedial action will be completed by FY 2006 and will generate approximately 4,454 cubic meters (5,835 cubic yards) of hazardous waste and 2,930 cubic meters (3,838 cubic yards) of low-level waste.

Operable Unit 4

The sources of contamination at Operable Unit 4 include the Central Steam Facility and the Reclamation Facility. Contaminants include organics; inorganics; uranium, plutonium, and europium isotopes; strontium-90; tritium; cesium-137; and radium-226. Remedial Investigations, which were completed in FY 1995, found localized soil and ground-water contamination. A Record of Decision is expected to be completed and signed in FY 1996. The assumed technical approach for remedial action is the treatment of all media in place by using vapor extraction and air sparging for soils and ground water contaminated with organic compounds. Radiologically contaminated soils will be fenced and monitored as an interim action until the final remedy is selected under the Operable Unit 4 Feasibility Study expected to be completed by FY 1998.

Because ground water and soils are assumed to be treated in place, no hazardous, low-level, or low-level mixed waste will be generated by this project. This report assumes that remedial action will be completed in FY 2008.

Operable Unit 5

The sources of contamination at Operable Unit 5 are the Sewage Treatment Plant, the Satellite Disposal Area, and a portion of the site sewer system. Contaminants include tritium, strontium-90, cesium-137, organics, and inorganics. Contaminated media at this operable unit include soil, ground water, surface water, surface sediment, flora and fauna. The extent of the contamination will be delineated in the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study to be completed in FY 1998. The assumed technical approach involves natural attenuation and degradation of contaminated ground water and long-term monitoring. This report assumes that these activities will generate approximately 3,460 cubic meters (4,533 cubic yards) of low-level waste soils and sludges, and that remedial action will be completed by FY 2003.

Removal Activities Areas

The sources of contamination include the "D" Waste Tanks, underground storage tanks, cesspools, the Operable Unit I Ground-Water Removal Action (which is described under Operable Unit 1/6), and soils at several buildings. Contaminants included at these areas are tritium, strontium-90, and organics. Contaminated media include soil, ground water, and structures. The extent of any additional contamination will be delineated in field data analysis. Removal actions have been completed for the "D" Waste Tanks and the underground storage tanks, and are assumed to be complete for the cesspools in FY 1996. This report assumes that the removal activities will generate approximately two cubic meters (2.6 cubic yards) of low-level mixed waste from the Cesspool Removal Action in FY 1996. This report also assumes that remedial actions will be completed by FY 2010.

The Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor was a graphite-moderated and -reflected, thermal neutron, air-cooled research facility. The reactor has been shutdown since 1969, and all fuel elements have been removed and shipped to Savannah River. Decommissioning of the reactor is planned to be completed in a phased and prioritized manner. Characterization of the surrounding environment and installation of any monitoring wells will also be included in the work. Contaminants are suspected from the external air ducts and the buried radioactive waste piping and sample transfer tubing. The extent of contamination is unknown. Volumes of radioactive waste, contaminated soil or ground water are unknown at this time. Therefore, no costs are included in this estimate for disposition of contaminated media associated with the Graphite Research Reactor decommissioning. This report assumes that these decommissioning activities at the Laboratory will be completed by FY 2014.

The Brookhaven National Laboratory Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization program currently expects to complete post-deactivation activities at all applicable facilities by FY 2009. This report assumes that these facilities will transfer to the Environmental Restoration program for decommissioning during that year. This report also assumes that all decommissioning activities at these facilities will be completed by FY 2015.

Environmental Restoration Activities Cost Estimate

(Five-Year Averages, Thousands of Constant 1996 Dollars)
	FY 1996-2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030
Prelim. Assessments/Site Inspections
Assessment	611	451
Operable Unit 1/6
Assessment	2,215
Remedial Action	3,054	2,456	2,456	2,456	2,456	2,456	2,456
Operable Unit 2/7
Assessment	2,407
Remedial Action	1,453	1,959
Operable Unit 3
Assessment	3,504
Remedial Action		6,060	686
Operable Unit 4
Assessment	1,182
Remedial Action	1,394	1,920	883
Operable Unit 5
Assessment	476
Remedial Action	2,646	3,227
Removal Activities
Assessment			40	160
Remedial Action	1,797	1,491	1,462
Facility Decommissioning			134	534
Direct Program Management/Support	1,855	1,988	1,988	1,988	381	368	368
Total	22,595	19,552	7,649	5,138	2,837	2,824	2,824
	FY 2035	2040	2045	2050	2055	2060	2065	Life Cycle*
Prelim. Assessments/Site Inspections
Assessment								5,309
Operable Unit 1/6
Assessment								11,074
Remedial Action	2,658							102,242
Operable Unit 2/7
Assessment								12,037
Remedial Action								17,061
Operable Unit 3
Assessment								17,519
Remedial Action								33,731
Operable Unit 4
Assessment								5,909
Remedial Action								20,986
Operable Unit 5
Assessment								2,381
Remedial Action								29,366
Removal Activities
Assessment								1,000
Remedial Action								23,752
Facility Decommissioning								3,340
Direct Program Management/Support	399							46,676
Total	3,057							332,383
* Total Life Cycle is the sum of the annual costs in constant FY 1996 dollars.

Direct Program Management/Support

Program management provides administrative integration, essential technical support, and oversight to the Environmental Management program through technical integration and contract management functions. This support is aimed at ensuring proper identification, characterization, and remediation of contaminated sites. It is also ensures a consistent and integrated environmental restoration strategy across the Chicago Operations Office installations. It includes environmental management integration, technical programs, technical oversight, senior management, community relations, and business management.

The greatest portion of program management is business management. This includes progress tracking, contract management, facility management, and financial management (budget preparation and control) procedures and programmatic guidance, including integrating and reconciling plans and budgets with Group Offices and the nationwide Environmental Management program.

Also included in program management are the senior management personnel for the Environmental Management programs and the support groups that provide community relations and program integration support. These staffs provide for an integrated Environmental Management program for Chicago Operations Office installations and support activities such as preparing this report and assisting with stakeholder involvement. Costs also include strategic planning, personnel management and training, stakeholder support/public participation, advisory boards, and administrative support.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

The Brookhaven National Laboratory currently manages hazardous waste, low-level waste, and low-level mixed waste generated by Environmental Restoration Program and Office of Energy Research activities. Limited treatment of waste to reduce volume and stabilize it prior to shipment to offsite facilities for treatment and disposal is expected to continue. This report assumes that the Waste Management program at the Brookhaven National Laboratory will continue to be responsible for the treatment, storage and disposal costs for Energy Research program-generated waste until FY 2070. There are currently no plans for large-scale treatment or onsite waste disposal facilities.

Major Waste Management Activity Milestones

TASK	COMPLETION DATE Fiscal Year
Low-Level Mixed Waste Disposal Operations	2010
Low-Level Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Operations	2070
Hazardous Waste Storage and Disposal Operations	2070

Spent Nuclear Fuel

The Office of Energy Research currently funds the operation of two nuclear research reactors at Brookhaven: the High Flux Beam Reactor and the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor. The Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology manages the operations of these reactors. This relationship is assumed to continue for the life cycle.

This estimate assumes that spent fuel will be shipped to the Savannah River Site for interim storage, and the Office of Energy Research will be responsible for all associated transportation costs. All costs associated with the ultimate treatment and disposal are the responsibility of the Environmental Management program and are included in the Savannah River Site spent nuclear fuel estimate (classified as Domestic Research Reactor Fuel). The only spent nuclear fuel costs borne by Environmental Management at this site are related to program management support provided to the other two Secretarial Offices.

Low-Level Mixed Waste

All low-level mixed waste generated at the Laboratory is collected in satellite accumulation areas and then transferred to a central staging area for packaging and certification for shipment and disposal. This report assumes that Environmental Restoration activities will generate approximately 3,201 cubic meters (4,193 cubic yards) of low-level mixed waste through FY 2010. This report also assumes that Energy Research program activities will generate approximately 16 cubic meters (21 cubic yards) of low-level mixed waste through FY 2010.

The Brookhaven National Laboratory does not treat, store, or dispose of low-level mixed waste onsite. It will continue to ship all low-level mixed waste to appropriate commercial facilities.

Low-Level Waste

All low-level waste generated at the Laboratory is collected in satellite accumulation areas and is then transferred to a central staging area for packaging and certification for shipment and disposal. This report assumes that Environmental Restoration and Energy Research activities will generate approximately 142,318 cubic meters (186,437 cubic yards) of low-level waste. Environmental Restoration activities will account for roughly 80 percent of the total.

The Brookhaven National Laboratory does not treat, store, or dispose of low-level waste onsite. All low-level waste is shipped by Department of Transportation-approved carriers to the Department of Energy's Hanford facility in Washington State for final disposal.

Hazardous Waste

All hazardous waste generated at the Laboratory is collected in satellite accumulation areas and is then transferred to a central staging area for packaging and certification for shipment and disposal. This report assumes that Energy Research program activities will generate approximately 4,050 cubic meters (5,306 cubic yards) of hazardous waste through FY 2070.

The Brookhaven National Laboratory does not treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste onsite. All hazardous waste is brokered and disposed of by appropriate commercial facilities.

Direct Program Management/Support

At the Brookhaven National Laboratory, program management provides essential technical support, administrative integration, and oversight to the Environmental Management program through technical integration and contract management functions. This support ensures a consistent and integrated waste management strategy across the Chicago Operations Office installations. It includes business management, technical programs; technical oversight, senior management, community relations, and Environmental Management integration.

Business management accounts for the greatest portion of program management. This includes progress tracking, contract management, facility management, and financial management (budget preparation and control) procedures and programmatic guidance, including integrating and reconciling plans and budgets with Group Offices and the nationwide Environmental Management program.

Also included in program management are the senior management personnel for the Environmental Management programs and the support groups that provide community relations and program integration support. These personnel provide for an integrated Environmental Management program for Chicago Operations Office installations and support activities such as preparing this report and assisting with stakeholder involvement. Costs also include strategic planning, personnel management and training, stakeholder support/public participation, advisory boards, and administrative support.

Waste Management Activities Cost Estimate

(Five-Year Averages, Thousands of Constant 1996 Dollars)
	FY 1996-2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Disposal
Low-Level Mixed Waste
Disposal	50	50	50
Low-Level Waste
Treatment	96	96	96	96	96	96	96
Storage and Handling	140	140	140	140	140	140	140
Disposal	2,030	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549
Hazardous Waste
Storage and Handling	229	229	229	229	229	229	229
Disposal	676	676	676	676	676	676	676
Direct Program Management/Support	4,081	3,970	3,970	3,970	3,970	6,403	3,970
Total	7,302	6,710	6,710	6,660	6,660	9,093	6,660
	FY 2035	2040	2045	2050	2055	2060	2065
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Disposal	70
Low-Level Mixed Waste
Disposal
Low-Level Waste
Treatment	96	96	96	96	96	96	96
Storage and Handling	140	140	140	140	140	140	140
Disposal	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549	1,549
Hazardous Waste
Storage and Handling	229	229	229	229	229	229	229
Disposal	676	676	676	676	676	676	676
Direct Program Management/Support	3,970	4,970	3,970	3,970	3,970	3,970	3,970
Total	6,730	7,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660
	FY 2070	2075	2080	2085	2090	2095	2100	Life Cycle*
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Disposal								350
Low-Level Mixed Waste
Disposal								750
Low-Level Waste
Treatment	96							7,200
Storage and Handling	140							10,500
Disposal	1,549							118,578
Hazardous Waste
Storage and Handling	229							17,175
Disposal	676							50,700
Direct Program Management/Support	4,970							320,470
Total	7,660							525,723
* Total Life Cycle is the sum of the annual costs in constant FY 1996 dollars.

DESCRIPTION OF PERSONNEL

Current Composition

The Department of Energy employs approximately 89 Full-Time Equivalents to support Environmental Management program activities at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The Laboratory's work force consists of federal and contractor personnel, including engineers, scientists, technicians, managers, operators, laborers and general workers, and administrative professionals. The following table presents the work force skill mix by labor category. The Laboratory contracts with a variety of engineering, consulting, and site investigation firms to perform environmental management activities.

* The Projections for Full-Time Equivalent employees are based on FY 1996 planning baselines (see Reader's Guide).

Site Management Structure

Associated Universities, Inc. is the contractor for the environmental restoration activities at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. It currently operates under a performance-based management contract for five years, through FY 2000. The Department of Energy's Group Office has the direct line responsibility for managing the contract with the Laboratory. The Chicago Operations Office is responsible for program management and integration for all installations within the Chicago Operations Office program.

Future Full-Time Equivalent Needs

This report assumes that the number of needed Full-Time Equivalents supported by the Environmental Management program in this estimate will remain stable but will increase during peak periods of activity, including periods of remediation and decommissioning. During peak periods, the personnel will be primarily construction workers and engineers working on the remedial action and decommissioning projects.

FUNDING ESTIMATE

The following tables present estimate funding information for the Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Defense Funding Estimate

(Five-Year Averages, Thousands of Constant 1996 Dollars)
	FY 1996-2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030	Life Cycle*
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization	442	806	455					8,517
* Total Life Cycle is the sum of the annual costs in constant FY 1996 dollars.

Nondefense Funding Estimate

(Five-Year Averages, Thousands of Constant 1996 Dollars)
	FY 1996-2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization	8	15	8
Environmental Restoration	22,595	19,552	7,649	5,138	2,837	2,824	2,824
Waste Management	7,302	6,710	6,710	6,660	6,660	9,093	6,660
Total	29,905	26,277	14,367	11,798	9,497	11,917	9,484
	FY 2035	2040	2045	2050	2055	2060	2065
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization
Environmental Restoration	3,057
Waste Management	6,730	7,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660
Total	9,787	7,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660	6,660
	FY 2070	2075	2080	2085	2090	2095	2100	Life Cycle*
Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization								156
Environmental Restoration								332,383
Waste Management	7,660							525,723
Total	7,660							858,262
* Total Life Cycle is the sum of the annual costs in constant FY 1996 dollars.

COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS ESTIMATE

The FY 1996 life-cycle cost estimate for the Brookhaven National Laboratory is $867 million, approximately 44 percent over the FY 1995 estimate of $626 million.

Comparison Table

Activity	FY 1995 Life Cycle	FY 1995 Only 1	FY 1996 Life Cycle	Change in Dollars	Change in Percent
	Thousands of Dollars
Nuclear Mat. & Fac. Stab.	9,491	-	8,673	­818	­9
Environmental Restoration	330,567	11,075	332,383	12,891	4
Waste Management	217,212	12,206	525,723	320,717	156
Landlord	-	-	-	-	-
Program Management 2	69,203	2,325	-	-	-
Site Total	626,473	25,606	866,779	265,912	44
1 The FY 1995 life-cycle and annual costs are provided to determine the corrected FY 1995 cost. 2 Program Management was reported in an independent cost table last year, but is reported as a line item in the relevant program (Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization, Environmental Restoration, and Waste Management) activity cost estimate tables for the FY 1996 Baseline Report.

Since the release of the FY 1995 Baseline Environmental Management Report, several interim remedial action projects have been initiated at the Brookhaven National Laboratory to address risk due to ground-water contamination migrating offsite and impacting public water supplies. The FY 1996 Report reveals rebaselined Environmental Restoration activities that reflect remedial project scope and technical approach modifications along with reduced costs associated with those adjustments. These reductions to Environmental Management costs are partially offset by the addition of applicable program management costs in the FY 1996 report.

There are two principal reasons for the 156 percent increase in Waste Management program costs at the site: (1) the 35-year duration of Waste Management support to the Office of Energy Research assumed in the FY 1995 report was extended to 75 years in the FY 1996 report; and (2) applicable program management costs, which are broken out into an independent site-wide cost in the FY 1995 report, were integrated into the Waste Management costs in the FY 1996 report.