Pinellas Plant

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The Pinellas Plant occupies a 40-hectare (100-acre) site, 9.6 kilometers (6 miles) north of St. Petersburg in Pinellas County, Florida. Pinellas County is located on a peninsula bordered on the west by the Gulf of Mexico and on the east and south by Tampa Bay.

FACILITY MISSION

The Pinellas Plant has been part of the Department of Energy's nuclear weapons complex since 1957. The plant's former mission was component fabrication. The product lines included neutron generators, lightning-arrestor connectors, capacitors, magnetics, optoelectronic devices, and other component fabrication operations.

In September 1994, the plant stopped producing weapons-related components and began the transition from a defense mission to an environmental management mission. The Department of Energy has completed a significant effort to transfer production capability from Pinellas to the two principal receiving sites, Kansas City Plant and Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, which will continue to fabricate weapons components in the future. The majority of space in Building 100 is undergoing the final stages of safe shutdown. Some production under Integrated Contract Orders will finish in the second quarter of 1996, but this will not impede progress in stabilizing the radiological areas.

In FY 1996, the Environmental Management program assumed landlord functions for Department of Energy operations at the plant site. The current mission is to achieve a safe transition of the facility from defense production and to prepare the site for alternative uses as a community resource for economic development. The Department of Energy will complete the transition mission at Pinellas by the end of FY 1997. Pinellas will process as excess plant material and equipment not needed at other Department of Energy sites either as scrap or transfer it to the Community Reuse Organization, to aid economic development initiatives.

In March 1995, the Department of Energy sold the Pinellas Plant to the Pinellas County Industry Council. The Department has leased back a large portion of the plant site to facilitate the completion of cleanup activities. Under the plant Sale and Purchase Contract, the Department has agreed to clean up all areas contaminated during past performance of government-funded work and to restore them to levels consistent with regulations and planned future use. Sources of contamination requiring cleanup include on- and offsite ground water from the management and disposal of industrial solvents. Contamination is limited to the shallow ground-water aquifer and associated soils. The regulatory drivers for the site are the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and state model orders for corrective actions that follow the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act guidelines. Potential sources of contamination also include Waste Management treatment and storage areas subject to closure requirements and regulation under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations and the plant's hazardous waste operating permit. Areas within the Pinellas Plant buildings were also contaminated by defense mission components fabrication. Contamination of buildings occurred from production and materials management of radioactive (tritium) and hazardous chemicals. State and local permits and regulations and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act govern decontamination.

All costs for treating, storing, transporting, and disposing of materials associated with Environmental Restoration program activities at the Pinellas Plant are included in the Waste Management program estimate. This report assumes the treatment, storage, and disposal costs for environmental restoration waste will continue to be funded by the Waste Management program and the estimate reflects this.

FUTURE USE

The future uses of the facility will primarily be Industrial. Several buildings have already been released for alternate use to the Pinellas County Industry Council; and four small businesses have taken up residence in three buildings.

The Community Reuse Organization represents local community stakeholders who include plant employees, regulators, local residents, environmental organizations, as well as other members of the general public. This organization prepared the Pinellas Plant Future Use Plan.

The Department of Energy will remove or dispose offsite all nuclear materials at the Pinellas Plant. This report assumes the Pinellas County Industry Council will not select the option in the Sale and Purchase Contract to demolish Buildings 100, 200, and 800.

The Department of Energy does not intend to have the Pinellas County Industry Council assume liability for radioactive materials/waste when the cleanup is completed. It also intends to make the facility acceptable for Industrial use. The Sale and Purchase Contract between the Pinellas County Industry Council and the Department of Energy, discusses the possibility of future discovery of contamination at the plant. The Department of Energy has agreed to remediate such contamination if it is discovered, and if it can be shown it is linked to the former Department of Energy operations on the site.

NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND FACILITY STABILIZATION

The primary cleanup effort of the facilities at Pinellas will be the deactivation of the radiological areas in the east half of Building 100 during FY l996 and FY 1997. Building 100 comprises over 56,000 square meters (600,000 square feet) on two stories; however, it is likely only about 1200 square meters (12,700 square feet) will probably be associated with stabilization and deactivation in the radiological cleanup effort. This consists primarily of areas 182C, 108, 132M, 157 and 158, and the associated systems that serve these areas, such as the Tritium Recovery System and the East Stack. Decontamination of areas and disposal of contaminated equipment are consistent with the terms and conditions of the Sale and Purchase Contract between the Department of Energy and the Pinellas County Industry Council. See the Site Map for the location of the Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization program activities.

The current Pinellas Plant cleanup actions are focused on the West End of Building 100. Most of the production equipment has been removed from this part of the building, as part of safe shutdown. This effort also resulted in making space available for other tenants. To support stabilization efforts in the radiological areas, the Department removed the West Stack and associated fans and ducting. This activity was completed in September 1995. Decontamination of radiological areas that were served by this stack were completed in December 1995. To date, plant personnel have not encountered any major problems associated with cleaning up the radiological areas.

There are no compliance agreements regulating the stabilization/deactivation activities at the Pinellas Plant. The plant is governed by federal, state, and local permits and regulations; Department Of Energy orders; and the Sale and Purchase Contract with Pinellas County. The estimate assumes 426 cubic meters (560 cubic yards) of low-level waste and 83 cubic meters (109 cubic yards) of hazardous waste will be generated by this effort.

The Department of Energy prepared and released a plan to the Pinellas County Industry Council that determines when cleanup of residual contamination has been completed to an acceptable level. Generally, the cleaning of radiological contamination is based on the Pinellas Plant site standard of 1000 disintegrations per minute/100 square centimeters for exposure limits; however, the Pinellas Plant's goal is 220 disintegrations per minute/100 square centimeters.

The Department of Energy is required to complete the general schedule for deactivating radiological areas by September 1997. This schedule includes all cleanup areas for release of the facility to the Pinellas County Industry Council for Industrial/Commercial use.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION

Ground-water contamination from volatile organic compounds, due to past plant activities, is the main environmental concern at the Pinellas Plant. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated 18 Pinellas Plant areas and identified six solid waste management units that require cleanup action.

The Environmental Protection Agency, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and the Pinellas County Government all have regulatory oversight of the Pinellas Plant. Remediation efforts follow the plant's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Permit's corrective action process. An additional site, the 4.5 Acre Site, located on an adjacent piece of property, is being cleaned up under state-led Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act type actions.

The Pinellas Plant has not found radiological environmental contamination in excess of regulatory action levels at the site, and this report assumes none exists. Decommissioning will not be required at the Pinellas Plant because of the proposed future Industrial/Commercial reuse of the building and the fact that only residual contamination will be addressed by the Nuclear Material Facility Stabilization process.

ASSESSMENT

From June 1988 through August 1990, the Environmental Protection Agency conducted a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Assessment of the Pinellas Plant. In February 1990, the Environmental Protection Agency issued the Pinellas Plant Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments permit. This permit identified 15 solid waste management units that may have been environmentally contaminated by past plant activities. Subsequently, three additional solid waste management units were identified. Environmental investigations later revealed 11 of these units do not pose a threat to public health or the environment. Shortly after the original investigation, an interim measure addressed a twelfth site (Former Pistol Range) originally identified as requiring a corrective measures study. No further action is required at this site. This estimate assumes these 12 solid waste management units will be deleted from its Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Permit.

The sampling program used to assess and characterize the plant's solid waste management units consisted of collecting surface water, sediment, soil, and ground-water samples. Plant personnel detected contaminant concentrations that exceeded drinking water standards in ground water at the remaining three of the original 15 solid waste management units: the Northeast Site, the Old Drum Storage Area, and Building 100 Industrial Drain Leaks Area.

Through site characterization activities and routine soil, water, and ground-water monitoring, plant personnel identified three additional areas, the Production Components Scrap Area, West Fenceline Area, and Wastewater Neutralization/Building 200 Area. No hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents were released to the environment at the Production Components Scrap Area, and the Environmental Protection Agency directed no further action was required at this site. The other two sites have ground-water contamination that exceeds federal and state maximum contaminant levels and primary drinking water standards. Consequently, plant personnel completed a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Investigation for the West Fenceline Area in 1994 and will complete the Facility Investigation for the Wastewater Neutralization /Building 200 Area in FY 1996.

The plant is remediating the 4.5-acre site, which the Department of Energy sold to a private party in 1972. In 1985, a U.S. Geologic Survey identified contamination at this site. The Pinellas Plant completed a voluntary assessment and source removal in 1985. The plant is now conducting a voluntary ground-water remediation at the site.

Two of the five onsite solid waste management units requiring cleanup, the Old Drum Storage Area and Building 100 Industrial Drain Leaks Area, were combined because of their close proximity and similar contaminants and are now collectively referred to as the Building 100 Area. Therefore, four onsite areas and one offsite area require further action. These five areas are composed of 19 sites and shown in the status table below.

REMEDIAL ACTION

To date, the Pinellas Plant has completed one interim remedial action that consisted of excavating soil in an area (Former Pistol Range) contaminated from previous use as a small-arms firing range for plant security officers. Sampling results indicate no further contamination exists above naturally occurring soil levels. The Environmental Protection Agency-approved results of the interim measure confirmed that they met final cleanup objectives.

The Department is currently performing remedial actions onsite and at the one offsite area. The sites are the Northeast Site, 4.5 Acre Site, and the West Fenceline Area. The interim remedial action at the 4.5 Acre Site consists of ground-water recovery and air stripping the contaminants. The West Fenceline Area has an air sparging/vacuum ground-water extraction system in operation. The Northeast Site is undergoing a ground-water recovery and air stripping of contaminants (currently using the same treatment system as the 4.5 Acre Site) and a buried drum and debris removal action was recently completed. The Pinellas Plant plans to construct an additional air stripping system in FY 1996, which will treat water recovered from both the Northeast Site and Building 100 Area. This additional system, along with any approved innovative technologies, will serve as a final corrective measure for these two sites.

The Pinellas Plant established priorities for action at the five remediation sites, taking into account such factors as toxicity, volume or extent of potential contamination, the mobility of contaminants, and offsite migration. These priorities call for completing the following activities in FY 1996: continued remediation activities at the 4.5-Acre and Northeast Sites, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Assessment and Investigation at the Wastewater Neutralization/Building 200 Area, continued interim corrective measures at the West Fenceline Area, installing the recovery system for the Building 100 Area, and constructing the Northeast Site treatment system. Although innovative technologies are being investigated, this report assumes remediation of ground water by ground-water recovery, with treatment by air stripping of three contaminant plumes, will be completed by FY 2020. Plant personnel will complete the Remedial Action Plan for the 4.5-Acre Site in FY 1996 and the remediation in FY 2000. In addition, plant personnel expect to complete the Corrective Measures Studies at the West Fenceline Area and Wastewater Neutralization/Building 200 Area in FY 1996 and FY 1997, respectively.

This report assumes the Environmental Protection Agency and Florida Department of Environmental Protection will approve all of the above activities. Implementation of final corrective measures and remedial action at the 4.5-Acre Site are respectively contingent on modification of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Permit and execution of the Consent Agreement.

Waste generated from remedial action and corrective measures included soil excavation at the Former Pistol Range, which was transported offsite for stabilization and disposal. The ground-water recovery operations generate approximately 153 cubic meters (200 cubic yards) of sludge per year, which is transported offsite for disposal. Licensed commercial operators will perform all of the offsite treatment and disposal operations. The air sparging/vacuum extraction system will generate drums containing 1.5 cubic meters (2 cubic yards) of contaminated carbon and will be transported offsite for regeneration. A debris removal action at the plant's Northeast Site was successfully completed in FY 1995. This activity generated about 120 cubic meters (160 cubic yards) of hazardous waste and 1,050 cubic meters (1,400 cubic yards) of nonhazardous debris.

Long-Term Surveillance and Monitoring

The Pinellas Plant conducts monthly and quarterly sampling of the site surface water, waste water, and ground water to monitor for volatile organic compounds, metals, and tritium. The Pinellas Plant Ground-water Protection Management Program Plan and the Environmental, Safety and Health Programs Environmental Monitoring Manual specify the procedures for these activities. Sampling activities at the plant will continue as defined in the modified Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Permit, but are assumed for this estimate to continue until FY 2020.

Direct Program Management/Support

The Environmental Restoration program bears the Program Management costs for environmental remediation activities at the Pinellas Plant. Program Management develops, implements, and coordinates all Environmental Restoration-funded cleanup work and ensures compliance with local, state, and federal rules, regulations, policies, and orders. The FY 1996 baseline estimate for this effort is $819,000. After FY 2000, all program management costs will be captured at the Albuquerque Operations Office.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

The Pinellas Plant waste management activities include treating, storing, and disposing hazardous and low-level radioactive waste generated during decontamination and dismantlement, environmental restoration, and safe shutdown. These activities include the cleanup of process equipment, storage areas, and production areas. The plant's Hazardous Waste Operating Permit requires formal regulatory closure of the waste management facilities before the Florida Department of Environmental Protection will release the Department of Energy and the management and operating contractor from the permit requirements. The plant cleaned up the closed waste management storage tank farm and removed it in 1995. Closure of the Pinellas Plant hazardous waste storage buildings and treatment systems will be performed in accordance with an approved closure plan, and will be complete in FY 1997.

The Pinellas Plant will continue to manage waste generated from nuclear material and facility stabilization and transition activities during FY 1996 and FY 1997. This waste includes low-level radioactive waste from the cleanup of tritium processing areas, such as laboratories, the radioactive exhaust stack and ducting, the Tritium Recovery System, and ancillary equipment. These activities will generate approximately 218 cubic meters (285 cubic yards) of hazardous waste. Environmental Restoration activities will generate about 532 cubic meters (696 cubic yards) of low-level mixed waste per year through FY 2020. All program costs associated with Environmental Restoration program waste are included in the Waste Management program estimate.

The Pinellas Plant treats relatively small amounts of both hazardous and nonhazardous waste onsite. In the past, this treatment was mainly for production material, but has decreased significantly over the past few years. Treatment will still be provided for some residual production material to reduce the waste disposal costs. The plant's waste storage capabilities include two permitted buildings, one for hazardous waste and the other for low-level radioactive waste and certain types of low-level mixed waste. The site also has a 90-day storage area. The Pinellas Plant disposes all waste offsite.

The Pinellas Plant actively pursues waste minimization efforts, including reviewing, evaluating, recommending, and implementing waste reduction procedures and processes. The reuse of office equipment, small tools, computer supplies, and virgin chemicals significantly reduces disposal and procurement costs. Pinellas Plant Process Waste Assessment Teams focus on shutdown activities to reduce waste from all facets of equipment and area cleanup.

Low-Level Mixed Waste

The Pinellas Plant has identified a mixed waste stream generated by safe shutdown and transition activities during dismantlement of the tritium processing areas and laboratories. A Site Treatment Plan has been completed by the site and approved by the State of Florida. Plant personnel will develop appropriate disposition plans.

Low-Level Waste

The Pinellas Plant supports transition activities for the removal of tritium processing and laboratory facilities that will result in generating approximately 160 cubic meters (5651.2 cubic feet) of low-level waste.

GENERATION AND HANDLING

Subcontractors will dismantle equipment and ancillary systems. Whenever feasible, the Pinellas Plant will reduce or eliminate the level of contamination by cleaning the removed items. The Pinellas Plant will perform smears to determine the level of contamination before and after cleaning and then determine the appropriate disposal facility after evaluating the results of any analytical data.

STORAGE

Pinellas stores its low-level waste in Building 1000. Plant personnel inspect the building on a regular basis, and keep it locked when not in use. The building's capacity has been exceeded, and additional other areas at the site are being used to store the waste. Recent resumption of shipments to the Savannah River Site will remedy this situation.

DISPOSAL

The Pinellas Plant's designated disposal site is the Savannah River Site. Pinellas is continuing to pursue approvals for disposal at other sites. There are no plans to dispose of any low-level waste onsite.

Hazardous Waste

GENERATION AND HANDLING

In 1996 and 1997, the plant's transition activity will require the purchase of drums for chemical waste, cleanup liquids, and drain flushing liquids. The cleanout of the air scrubbers will generate approximately 5 cubic meters (6.5 cubic yards) of scrubber balls and sludge. The closing of the Deionized Water Facility will generate approximately 8 cubic meters (10 cubic yards) of ion exchange resin beads and activated charcoal. The Department of Energy expects transition activities to be completed in FY 1997.

Routine environmental restoration activities will generate 153 cubic meters (200 cubic yards) of hazardous waste per year from well installations and treatment system sludges. Environmental remediation activities are projected to continue through FY 2020.

Waste handling includes: preparing procedures for drum handling; delivering drums to the generating area; quality assurance inspections; labeling; marking; log book entry; and picking up waste drums from the generator area.

TREATMENT

The Pinellas Plant will perform closure activities on the reactive metals treatment and thermal facilities during FY 1996 as these facilities are no longer needed.

STORAGE

The Pinellas Plant operates permitted hazardous waste container storage areas in Buildings 1040 and 1000. Building 1040 has three bays and is used to store flammable liquids, calcium chromates and miscellaneous waste, such as cyanide containing waste and other laboratory waste.

The Pinellas Plant had four above-ground permitted hazardous waste bulk storage tanks. Pinellas closed these tanks during 1995 and restored the tank storage area back to its original condition.

Pinellas Plant personnel perform daily, biweekly, and monthly onsite hazardous waste storage facility inspections. These inspections note the condition of accumulated waste drums, fire protection equipment, emergency eyewash stations, and other conditions to ensure the storage facility is operated safely and maintained in accordance with all applicable regulatory guidelines.

In FY 1998 and through FY 2020, waste generated from the Pinellas Plant environmental restoration activities will be stored, if necessary, in a 90-day generator accumulation area. The Pinellas Plant assumes the Florida Department of Environmental Protection will terminate the plant's Hazardous Waste Operating Permit by FY 1998, per Department request, and there will be no permitted storage facility onsite after that time.

DISPOSAL

Hazardous waste is shipped offsite for disposal at Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-permitted commercial facilities. The Pinellas Plant plans to continue this arrangement for both shutdown and environmental remediation waste.

Sanitary Waste

GENERATION AND HANDLING

The Pinellas Plant cleanup of cafeteria activities, and production, laboratory, and office areas will generate sanitary waste. Even though recycling and waste minimization programs are fully operational, the volume of this waste will increase during shutdown. The Pinellas Plant separates waste into different categories for pickup by a local waste management firm that recycles or disposes of the waste in a county landfill.

Direct Program Management/Support

Program Management includes the management, planning, and administrative functions for waste management activities at the Pinellas Plant. These activities include developing waste disposal schedules, tracking waste disposal costs, developing policies and procedures, and ensuring integration with Facility Transition and Environmental Restoration.

Pinellas Plant Waste Management program support includes liaison with local, state, and federal regulators to assess impacts of new regulations and requirements. Public participation is an active part of waste management activities at the Pinellas Plant and provides stakeholders access to information about the plant. During the next two years, a major portion of the Pinellas Plant waste management efforts will include working with regulators to ensure a timely turnover of the plant site to the Pinellas County Industry Council. The FY 1996 baseline estimate is $416,000.

PAYMENTS

The Environmental Protection Agency offered a de minimis buyout in August 1995, and payment has been made, completing the Department's involvement in the Peak Oil Superfund Site. There are currently no Agreements-In-Principle and/or grants at the Pinellas Plant site. There is a monitoring Agreement-In-Principle with the State for environmental radiological monitoring, which is included in the Long-Term Surveillance and Monitoring costs in the Environmental Restoration program estimates after FY 1997. Prior to FY 1997, this cost is included in the Waste Management program estimate.

LANDLORD ACTIVITIES

Environmental Management is the landlord of the Pinellas Plant. Prior to FY 1996, the Office of Defense Programs was the landlord at this site. A contractual agreement between the Department of Energy and the Pinellas County Industry Council manages the landlord support for the Pinellas County Industry Council and its tenants. The Department of Energy will be able to reduce future lease payments to the Pinellas County Industry Council as tenants occupy space no longer required to complete the Department of Energy's defense mission.

Landlord activities include the following: care, maintenance, and replacement of existing facilities and facility related equipment; utility operations management; waste management support to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and permits; collecting all sanitary waste generated at the facility; quality assurance; conduct of operations; developing and maintaining operating procedures; human resources support; personnel training; document control; records management; business management and reporting; data management; management direction related to maintenance of minimum compliance with environmental, safety and health orders and regulations; emergency response; compliance tracking and reporting; maintaining the minimum safety margin needed to protect site workers from injury or exposure to hazardous materials; and actions to ensure no potential environmental or other dangers exist to the local population.

DESCRIPTION OF PERSONNEL

Current Composition

Current staffing requirements represent a site-wide mix of federal and contractor Full-Time Equivalents, as presented in the table below. The federal work force consists mainly of managers, professionals, engineers, scientists, and administrative support. The contractor work force is mainly a mix of professional staff and labor personnel who plan and conduct the day-to-day activities at the site.

* The Projections for Full-Time Equivalent employees are based on FY 1996 planning baselines (see Reader's Guide).

Site Management Structure

The Albuquerque Operations Office directs the Environmental Restoration program through the Pinellas Area Office, which oversees and directs two major contracts, one for assessment and one for remediation. The assessment contract is assumed to be completed by FY 1997; remediation will continue through FY 2020. The remediation contract reform efforts include investigation of firm fixed price contracting for cleanup activities.

Future Full-Time Equivalent Needs

Future Environmental Management direct contractor future Full-Time Equivalent needs for FY 1997 are expected to decline to approximately 460 in FY 1997. Minimal future Full-Time Equivalents are needed in FY 1998 to finalize facility transition activities.

This report assumes that the current level of 28 federal Full-Time Equivalents will decrease to 8 by FY 1998, when the installation of all remediation systems is completed. From FY 1998 to FY 2020, this report assumes annual system operations and maintenance upgrades and monitoring will be performed by three to six Full-Time Equivalents.

FUNDING ESTIMATE

The following tables present estimated funding information for Pinellas Plant.

COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS ESTIMATE

The 1996 life-cycle estimate of $437 million for the Pinellas Plant represents a 93 percent increase over the 1995 estimate of $234 million. Although there are significant reductions in the Environmental Restoration and Waste Management program activity cost estimates, these are offset by increased Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization program and directly appropriated landlord costs.

Comparison Table

Activity	FY 1995 Life Cycle	FY 1995 Only 1	FY 1996 Life Cycle	Change in Dollars	Change in Percent
	Thousands of Dollars
Nuclear Mat. & Fac. Stab.	15,113	-	40,666	25,553	169
Environmental Restoration	120,820	4,800	44,795	­71,225	­61
Waste Management	36,685	2,537	4,422	­29,726	­87
Landlord	53,620	-	346,714	293,094	547
Program Management 2	7,673	300	-	-	-
Site Total	233,910	7,637	436,597	210,324	93
1 The FY 1995 life-cycle and annual costs are provided to determine the corrected FY 1995 cost. 2 Program Management was reported in an independent cost table last year, but is reported as a line item in the relevant program (Nuclear Material and Facility Stabilization, Environmental Restoration, and Waste Management) activity cost estimate tables for the FY 1996 Baseline Report.

The reduction in the Environmental Restoration program estimate is related to deactivation cost avoidances for the long-term. In comparing the cost and scope identified in the 1995 Baseline Environmental Management Report, landlord savings are estimated to be $30 million per year, beginning in FY 1998, and decontamination and dismantlement cost savings are estimated to total over $100 million. All environmental restoration site activities are progressing as expected and do not greatly deviate from the projected costs, schedule, and/or scope provided in the 1995 Baseline Report, Volume II.

Pinellas Plant Waste Management activities are consistent with projected costs and scope as provided in the 1995 Baseline Environmental Management Report, Volume II. There has been one modification in the schedule, the Reactive Treatment Facility will be closed during FY 1996. This activity has been accelerated from the original schedule of completion in FY 1997. Significant reductions in the Waste Management program life-cycle estimate are due to FY 1995 activities that have been completed and do not appear in the FY 1996 Baseline Environmental Management Report. Waste Management program estimates are also lower because the program duration is shorter due to a major change in technical assumptions.