Select the site to view the baselines summaries.

Argonne National Laboratory
The Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) site is approximately 27 miles southwest of
downtown Chicago in DuPage County, Illinois. The 1,500 acre ANL site is completely
surrounded by the 2,240 acre Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve.
ANL is a large, multiprogram science laboratory that has been involved in research
and development activities on behalf of DOE and its predecessors since 1943. ANL’s
role is achieving DOE’s science mission and is expected to continue into the foreseeable
future.
Additional information regarding ongoing research and future mission projections
for ANL may be found respectively on the ANL website (http://www.anl.gov) and within
the ANL Ten Year Site Plan, FY 2008-2017.
In the past, contamination of soil and groundwater occurred as a result of accidental
spills, past materials management practices, and former waste disposal practices.
Contaminants of concern for soil and groundwater included volatile organic compounds,
semi-volatile organic compounds, metals, polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, and
a variety of radioisotopes. Historic areas of research at ANL included reactor research,
which led to the construction and operation of a number of experimental nuclear
reactors and associated research facilities that were contaminated with low levels
of radioactive materials as a result of normal past operations.
Click here
to access the Argonne National Laboratory Project Baseline Summaries.

Brookhaven
National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a USDOE Office of Science (SC) owned multi-disciplinary
scientific research center located in the center of Suffolk County on Long Island,
about 60 miles east of New York City. The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) established
BNL on the site of the U.S. Army’s former Camp Upton in 1947. The AEC’s objective
was to build a regional laboratory that could provide researchers with powerful
tools too costly for their home institutions to build and maintain.
BNL was added to New York State’s list of Inactive Hazardous Waste sites in 1980
and to the federal National Priorities List in 1989 as a result of soil, groundwater,
and surface water sediment contamination from past operations. A tri-party Federal
Facilities Compliance Agreement, also known as the IAG, was subsequently negotiated
between the DOE, the United States Environmental Protection Agency Region II, and
the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. This IAG integrates
the requirements of Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act, the corrective action requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, DOE cleanup authorities under the Atomic Energy Act, and any corresponding
New York State regulations. The IAG became effective in 1992.
The EM mission at Brookhaven National Laboratory addresses the accelerated cleanup
of contaminated areas. In fiscal year 2005 EM Brookhaven Site Office (BHSO) oversaw
the completion of remediation of soils, groundwater and the Peconic River, and placed
residual contamination in a safe and stable condition. Critical Decision 4 was approved
in FY 2006. Currently sixteen long-term groundwater systems are in place, and are
continuously maintained for proper operation. Other required activities include
monitoring of three capped landfills and the Peconic River. Ongoing Soil and Groundwater
EM Operations and Maintenance (O&M) activities will continue until the EM Mission
is complete at the Site at which time all current EM liability will be transferred
to the Office of Science (the Site’s landlord).
The EM mission also includes the decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of several
surplus nuclear reactor and non-reactor facilities, and the disposal of legacy waste.
In fiscal year 2007 the EM BHSO was successful in establishing Performance Measurement
Baselines for the D&D of two dormant nuclear reactors and it is planned to complete
one project in FY 2010 and the other in FY 2020.
Click here
to access the Brookhaven National Laboratory Project Baseline Summaries.

Carlsbad
Field Office
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site is located in southeastern New Mexico
approximately 26 miles southeast of the city of Carlsbad. The WIPP site is built
on a 10,240-acre parcel of land set aside by Public Law 102-579.
The primary mission of the Department of Energy (DOE's) Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO)
is to protect human health and the environment by operating WIPP for safe disposal
of defense-related transuranic (TRU) waste and by establishing an effective system
for management of TRU waste from generation to permanent disposal. The WIPP site
is essential in the effort to clean-up TRU waste across the EM complex. The WIPP
facility is divided into three basic groups; surface structures, shafts, and subsurface
structures. The WIPP facility surface structures accommodate the personnel, equipment,
and support services required for receipt, preparation, and transfer of TRU waste
from the surface to the underground. The surface structures are located in an area
of approximately 34 acres within a perimeter security fence. Four vertical shafts
extend from the surface to the underground disposal horizon. The disposal horizon
is located approximately 2150 feet below the surface in a stable salt formation.
The four shafts are the waste shaft, the salt handling shaft, the exhaust shaft,
and the air intake shaft. The underground structures consist of the waste disposal,
construction, and northern experimental areas. The transportation portion of the
program includes a fleet of trailers and Nuclear Regulatory Commission certified
transportation packages. CBFO has contracts for transportation services with two
carriers. The carriers provide tractors and the drivers, and the government provides
the trailers and shipping packages (e.g., TRUPACT-IIs and HalfPacts).
The CBFO is responsible for managing the Nation's TRU waste generated by atomic
energy defense activities. The legacy TRU waste consists of about 110,000 cubic
meters of Contact Handled TRU waste and about 5,300 cubic meters of Remote Handled
TRU waste. More specifically, CBFO is responsible for the national quality assurance
program for TRU waste and related audits, activities related to characterization
and certification of TRU waste at generator and interim storage sites, TRU waste
transportation, packaging and container development as well as disposal of TRU wastes
at WIPP. Generally the generator/storage sites are responsible for providing the
infrastructure necessary to support characterization and certification activities
as well as retrieving and remediating TRU waste that will provide a sufficient backlog
to support CBFO’s planned shipping and disposal rates.
Legacy TRU waste inventory is located at the DOE's five Large Quantity Sites (LQSs)
(i.e., Hanford, Savannah River, Idaho, Los Alamos, and Rocky Flats*) and at over
20 Small Quantity Sites (SQSs) throughout the country.
Click here
to access the Carlsbad Field Office Project Baseline Summaries.

Energy
Technology Engineering Center
The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL), owned by the Boeing Company (Boeing),
is located atop a range of hills between the populous Simi and San Fernando Valleys,
in Ventura County, California, north of Los Angeles. ETEC, the western-most 90 acres
of the site located within Administrative Area IV, was leased by DOE and used for
research and development activities for DOE Nuclear Energy (NE) Programs.
During the early years of operation, DOE built and operated many facilities at ETEC.
When opened in the early 1950s, the site was ideally remote from population centers
to enable development of security-sensitive projects. These projects supported research
for DOE and its predecessor agencies for nuclear research and energy development
projects. The site includes buildings which house test apparatus for large-scale
heat transfer and fluid mechanics experiments, mechanical and chemical test facilities,
office buildings, and auxiliary support facilities. ETEC has been managed by EM
since 1990 after DOE NE concluded its mission. ETEC was declared a surplus facility
in 1996. DOE EM’s mission has been to complete site cleanup and closure. As such,
the current use of the site is strictly EM-related involving deactivation, decommissioning,
and dismantlement activities. As a result of past operations, radioactive and chemical
contamination exists in several structures (including the Radioactive Materials
Handling Facility) as well as in soil and groundwater.
At its mission peak, ETEC comprised over 270 numbered structures. As ETEC was a
test site, facilities were often decommissioned and cleaned, refurbished, and/or
demolished as necessary once their mission was achieved. Since the decision to close
ETEC in 1996, many facilities have been decontaminated, decommissioned, demolished,
and contaminated soils have been removed. Since the inception of EM activities,
two major radiological facilities and five sodium facilities have been decontaminated
and decommissioned, all the inventory of transuranic (TRU) wastes and large volumes
of low-level radiological waste (LLW) and mixed low-level radiological waste (MLLW)
have been disposed of off-site, and over 100,000 gallons of sodium metal have been
recycled. In addition, numerous uncontaminated support facilities have been demolished
per the agreement with the DOE Contract to Boeing. DOE has had a performance-based
contract with Boeing for the cleanup and closure of ETEC since 1998, which is due
to expire in September 2008. There are no DOE-funded activities at the site besides
the EM work.
Click here
to access the Energy Technology Engineering Center Project Baseline Summaries.

Idaho
EM Cleanup Project
The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Idaho Operations Office Idaho Cleanup Project
manages and dispositions radioactive and hazardous wastes and spent nuclear fuel
(SNF) that originated from Cold War activities at the Idaho National Laboratory
(INL) Site.
Since its establishment in 1949, INL has been involved in the design and testing
of fifty-two nuclear reactors and the reprocessing of SNF to recover fissile materials.
These activities have resulted in an inventory of high-level, transuranic, mixed
low-level, low-level, and hazardous waste which has required management and disposition.
The INL Site is also responsible for storing and dispositioning approximately two
hundred and fifty metric tons of SNF from multiple sources, including the U.S. Navy,
foreign and domestic research reactors, commercial reactors, and DOE-owned fuel.
INL is on the United States Environmental Protection Agency National Priorities
List. Environmental remediation activities are underway or have been completed at
ten Waste Area Groups encompassing about one hundred operable units, including the
Naval Reactors Facility (NRF) and the Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC), formerly
known as Argonne National Laboratory-West. (The INL Site Environmental Management
Program is not responsible for activities at the NRF or the MFC.)
Major ICP activities include SNF disposition, calcine disposition, and remaining
decontamination and decommissioning such as building CPP-601/640 disposition and
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act remediation
at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, INTEC, and Operable Unit-10-08. Cleanup
work also includes remediation of Tank Farm contaminated soils and of the Subsurface
Disposal Area, disposition of sodium-bearing waste, continuation of post-remediation
maintenance activities such as groundwater monitoring beyond FY 2012, and preparing
key areas of the Site for long term stewardship following completion of cleanup
activities.
Click here
to access the Idaho Project Baseline Summaries.

Los
Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), located in northern New Mexico, is a research
facility of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) that is managed
and operated by Los Alamos National Security (LANS) LLC.
Since its inception in 1943 (as part of the Manhattan Project), the primary mission
of the Laboratory has been focused on high-level science and technology essential
to national defense and global security. Many of the activities and operations at
LANL have produced solids, liquids, and gases that contain radioactive and/or non-radioactive
hazardous materials. Such activities include conducting research and development
programs in basic and applied chemistry, biology, and physics; fabricating and testing
explosives; cleaning chemically contaminated equipment; and working with radioactive
materials. In addition, many of the historic practices for disposing wastes from
these activities, although generally accepted at the time, are not in keeping with
today’s standards. The resulting legacy waste sites (also known as potential release
sites) are found on mesa tops, in canyons, and in the Los Alamos town site. Since
environmental management work began in 1989, the number of potential release sites
requiring further action has been reduced by 60 percent through active remediation,
or by confirming that no action is needed.
Disposition of legacy wastes is being conducted under the Resource and Conservation
Recovery Act (RCRA) and under DOE Orders. Cleanup of historic hazardous wastes is
being conducted under a Consent Order signed in March 2005 by the Department of
Energy (Department), University of California, State of New Mexico Attorney General,
and the New Mexico Environment Department. The Consent Order provides requirements
and a timetable for environmental cleanup, with stipulated fines and penalties for
violations and non-compliance.
Much environmental work has already been accomplished at LANL: retrieval, characterization,
repackaging and disposition of legacy wastes and cleanup of major waste sites, including
a landfill containing high explosives, a PCB-contaminated area, and plutonium-contaminated
sediments where Manhattan-era waste effluents were released. However, substantial
work remains to be done, including completing disposition of legacy transuranic
(TRU) wastes, particularly below grade retrieval and ultimately shipment to the
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), and conducting corrective actions for groundwater,
remaining landfills (which are some of the largest and most complex sites), and
numerous surface waste sites on mesa tops and in canyons spread over LANL (approximately
39 square mile area).
Click here
to access the Los Alamos National Laboratory Project Baseline Summaries.

Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory Site 300
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Site 300 is a DOE experimental test
facility operated by the Lawrence Livermore National Security, Limited Liability
Corporation. The facility is located in the eastern Altamont Hills about 17 miles
east of Livermore and 8.5 miles southwest of downtown Tracy, California. The site
covers 11 square miles, most of which is in San Joaquin County. The western one
sixth of the site is located in Alameda County.
DOE began environmental investigation activities at Site 300 in 1981. Prior to August
1990, investigations of potential chemical contamination at Site 300 were conducted
under the oversight of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).
Site 300 was placed in the National Priorities List in August 1990. Since then,
all investigations have been conducted in accordance with CERCLA under the oversight
of the three supervising regulatory agencies: The US EPA, RWQCB, and the California
Department of Toxic Substances Control.
The LLNL Site 300 Soil and Water Remediation Project is scheduled for EM completion
and transfer to NNSA at the end of FY2008 with the exception of the recently characterized
Building 812 Firing Table area. The Livermore Site Office Federal Project Director
is currently working with NNSA and EM to decide how to handle the CD-4 determination
for the remainder of the site, and plan for the Building 812 Firing Table area remediation
projected for FY2012 and FY2013.
Click here
to access the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300 Project Baseline Summaries.

Miamisburg
Closure Project
The Miamisburg Mound plant was built in the late 1940s to support research and development,
testing, and production activities for DOE’s defense nuclear weapons complex and
energy research programs. The plant’s mission involved production of components,
which contained plutonium-238, polonium-210, tritium, and large quantities of high
explosives. This mission continued until 1994, when these activities were transferred
to other DOE facilities. In 1989, the Mound site was placed on the United States
Environmental Protection Agency’s National Priorities List.
Although a final Record of Decision was issued in 1995 for a former Mound landfill,
Operable Unit One (OU-1), the City of Miamisburg remained concerned over the potential
public health and reuse impacts of the remaining landfill. In response to these
concerns, Congress provided $30,000,000 and directed the DOE in November 2005 to
take additional remedial actions at OU-1. It was decided to complete the ongoing
Miamisburg Closure Contract and to accomplish this additional work under a separate
contract.
The Miamisburg Closure Project contractor declared physical completion July 31,
2006, and DOE accepted completion of that scope in March 2007. A task order under
an existing Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contract was awarded in October
2006 for the OU-1 work.
The OU-1 Project consists of two distinct projects: the OU-1 Project and the Potential
Release Site 441 (PRS 441) Project. The primary concern within the OU-1 area consists
of residual contamination within a Site Sanitary Landfill that sits on top of an
older Historic Waste Disposal Area. Congress has appropriated $30M for this project.
The goal of the PRS 441 (rail load out area) Project is to be compliant with the
requirements defined by CERCLA as implemented by the Mound 2000 Work Plan. Funding
for the PRS 441 Project scope is provided separately from the funding appropriated
by Congress for the OU-1 Project scope.
Upon final verification surveys of the PRS 7 work area, DOE will be able to complete
the Amended Record of Decision for OU-1. This parcel will then be offered to the
Miamisburg Mound Community Improvement Corporation for transfer by the end of FY
09. This will complete the transfer of all remaining parcels of the Mound Plant,
except for two areas: Building 126 and adjoining land which will be used by DOE-LM;
and a portion of the OU-1 Landfill area having a no-dig institutional control. These
areas of the original Mound Site will continue to be owned by the Department of
Energy.
Click here
to access the Miamisburg Project Baseline Summaries.

Moab
UMTRA Project
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Moab Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA)
Project site is approximately three miles northwest of the city of Moab in Grand
County, Utah, and includes the former Atlas uranium-ore processing facility. The
site is situated on the west bank of the Colorado River at the confluence with Moab
Wash. The site encompasses approximately 439 acres, of which approximately 130 acres
are covered by the uranium mill-tailings pile. When processing operations ceased
in 1984, approximately 16 million tons of uranium tailings and contaminated soil
were left on the property.
In October 2000, Congress and the President approved the Floyd D. Spence National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001, Public Law 106-398 (the Act). The
Act stipulated that the license issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) for the materials at the Moab site be terminated and that title and responsibility
for cleanup be transferred to the DOE. Title of the site was transferred to DOE
on October 25, 2001. Specifically, the DOE Environmental Management (EM) office
in Grand Junction, Colorado, now has primary responsibility for the Moab site.
The DOE EM office in Grand Junction, Colorado, issued the final Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) in July 2005. The final EIS included the preferred alternatives
for remediation of the Moab Project site. The Record of Decision (ROD) was issued
in September 2005. The ROD details the selected alternatives of active ground-water
remediation at the Moab site and off-site disposal of the tailings pile and other
contaminated materials at Crescent Junction, Utah. This off-site disposal will remove
the contaminated mill tailings and relocate them to Crescent Junction, which is
more than 30 miles from the Colorado River. Approval of Critical Decision – 1A (CD-1A),
approval of the selected alternative identifying relocation of the Moab tailings
and contaminated materials to the Crescent Junction site, was received on August
5, 2005.
The end state for the Moab Project will be achieved after contaminated soil, tailings,
vicinity properties, and surface and ground water are remediated. DOE may place
some restrictions on re-utilization of the site, depending on how a proposed land
use could impact the selected ground-water remedy. The site will then be transferred
to the Office of Legacy Management for monitoring and required stewardship. Based
on the current funding profile and project technical approach, the current estimate
of completion date is 2028.
Click here
to access the Moab Project Baseline Summaries.

Nevada
Site Office
The Nevada Test Site (NTS) is located approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas,
Nevada and occupies approximately 1,375 square miles. The remote site is one of
the largest restricted access areas in the United States and is surrounded by thousands
of acres of land withdrawn from the public domain for use as a protected wildlife
range and for a military test and training range.
For more than 40 years, the primary mission of the NTS was to conduct tests of both
nuclear and conventional explosives in connection with the research and development
of nuclear weapons. Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons was initiated in 1951.
Nuclear tests conducted at the NTS after July 1962 were underground. Nuclear testing
was suspended in October 1992, although a readiness posture is maintained by Presidential
mandate.
Environmental restoration activities began to address environmental liabilities
associated with nuclear weapons production and testing. Early restoration efforts
were focused on cleaning detonation locales to reuse them for subsequent tests,
with the generated debris being disposed through an on-site waste management program.
Environmental restoration and waste management activities have been key elements
of the Nevada Site Office (NSO) environmental program since the beginning of the
nation’s nuclear testing program.
The Environmental Management (EM) program at the NTS (including the Nevada Test
and Training Range) consists of the Waste Management (WM) and Environmental Restoration
(ER) Projects. The WM Project supports the closure of DOE sites across the United
States by maintaining the capability to dispose LLW and mixed low-level waste (MLLW)
from approved waste generators. The NTS is designated as a regional disposal site
for LLW and a secondary disposal site for MLLW generated as the result of cleanup
activities across the DOE Complex. Additionally, the WM Project is responsible for
the storage, treatment (as needed), repackaging, and disposition of legacy on-site
transuranic (TRU) and mixed transuranic (MTRU) waste.
The mission of the ER Project is to assess and perform appropriate corrective actions
at approximately 800 former underground test locations, more than 100 surface or
atmospheric test locations, and over 1,000 other industrial-type sites that are
the result or by-product of past nuclear testing and support activities. Environmental
Restoration activities include the removal and clean closure of surface and near
surface contamination where possible; implementation of use restrictions and institutional
controls for close-in-place locations to preclude inadvertent contact with contaminants;
and establishment of predictive groundwater models and monitoring networks where
necessary to ensure contaminated groundwater stays within predicted contaminant
boundaries.
Click here
to access the Nevada Site Office Project Baseline Summaries.

Oak
Ridge
The Oak Ridge Reservation is located in east Tennessee and is comprised of three
major facilities: the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP); the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL); and the Y- 12 National Security Complex. There are also some
private properties that are not located on the Oak Ridge Reservation (the Atomic
City Auto Parts Site and the David Witherspoon Sites) that are being cleaned up
under the auspices of the Oak Ridge program.
ETTP is approximately 13 miles west of Oak Ridge and occupies approximately 5,000
acres adjacent to the Clinch River. Approximately half of these acres are to be
addressed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA). It was originally built as a uranium enrichment facility for defense
programs. The majority of the buildings on the site have been inactive since uranium
enrichment production ceased in 1985. Cleanup includes environmental remediation,
decontamination, decommissioning and demolition of hazardous and radioactively contaminated
facilities, as well as, disposition of legacy low, mixed low-level waste. At the
end of cleanup ETTP will be available for use as a private-sector industrial park.
ORNL is approximately 5 miles southwest of Oak Ridge and covers 3,300 acres. ORNL
currently conducts applied and basic research in energy technologies and the physical
and life sciences. Cleanup includes environmental remediation, decontamination,
decommissioning and demolition of hazardous and radioactively contaminated facilities,
as well as, disposition of legacy low, mixed low-level, and transuranic waste. After
cleanup is complete, ORNL will continue to operate as a world-class research facility.
The Y- 12 site is approximately two miles southwest of Oak Ridge on 811 acres. The
Y- 12 site was originally an uranium processing facility. It currently dismantles
nuclear weapons components and serves as one of the nation’s storehouses for special
nuclear materials. Cleanup includes environmental remediation, decontamination,
decommissioning and demolition of hazardous and radioactively contaminated facilities,
as well as, disposition of legacy low and mixed low-level waste. The sanitary landfills
for all of the Oak Ridge Reservation are located at Y- 12, along with the Environmental
Management Waste Management Facility (a CERCLA disposal facility supporting cleanup).
After cleanup is complete, the Y- 12 plant will continue to operate, fulfilling
its national security mission.
The cleanup program mission in Oak Ridge will be complete when risks to the public,
workers, and the environment at these sites have been safely reduced. These risks
include potential exposure to chemical and radiological contamination and industrial
hazards resulting from decades of uranium enrichment, research, and nuclear weapons-related
operations.
The Oak Ridge cleanup strategy is risk-based and is organized around watersheds
that feed the Clinch River. Key Records of Decision under CERCLA been signed for
these watersheds. Final Records of Decision will be necessary for all watersheds
to deal with the remaining ecological and groundwater concerns.
Cleanup of the Oak Ridge Reservation is primarily governed by three regulatory agreements/compliance
orders; the Federal Facility Agreement for the Oak Ridge Reservation, the Oak Ridge
Reservation Site Treatment Plan, and the Oak Ridge Reservation Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Federal Facilities Compliance Agreement.
Click here
to access the Oak Ridge Project Baseline Summaries.

Office
of River Protection
The Hanford Site is the largest of the three original defense production sites founded
in World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. It is about half the size of the
State of Rhode Island, at 586 square miles.
Over its 40 years of operations, the site produced approximately 74 tons of plutonium—nearly
two-thirds of all the plutonium recovered for government purposes in the United
States. Between 1943 and 1963, nine plutonium production reactors were built along
the Columbia River. Plutonium and reusable uranium were separated from irradiated
fuel using various chemical precipitation and solvent extraction techniques. The
plutonium and uranium was shipped to other DOE sites for eventual use in United
States nuclear weapons.
During plutonium production, highly radioactive waste resulting from site operations
was piped to underground tanks. In some cases small amounts of radioactive waste,
representing small amounts of radioactivity were discharged underground. For example,
uncontaminated and slightly contaminated liquids and cooling water were pumped to
ditches and ponds. Contaminated water discharged from the reactors was pumped to
nearby soil as well as into the Columbia River. Solid waste was buried in shallow
trenches or stored inside facilities. The result is more than 1,600 identified waste
sites and more than 500 waste facilities at Hanford. Forty percent of the approximately
one billion curies of radioactivity within the DOE nuclear weapons complex resides
at Hanford. These materials must be dealt with in a safe and protective manner.
In order to more effectively manage the River Protection Project and in response
to Section 3139 of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 1999, the Secretary of Energy established the Office of River Protection (ORP)
at the Hanford Site in the State of Washington as a separate Department of Energy
Field Office.
ORP is responsible for the storage, retrieval, treatment, immobilization, and disposal
of tank waste and the operation, maintenance, engineering, and construction activities
in the 200 Area Tank Farms. These Tank Farms include 177 underground storage tanks
(149 Single-shell tanks and 28 Double-shell tanks) that contain approximately 190
million curies in approximately 53 million gallons of chemically hazardous radioactive
waste from past processing operations. A multi-year construction project to build
a Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to process and immobilize the tank
waste is ongoing. Additional projects are planned for the retrieval, transfer, and
treatment of tank waste as well as for the storage and disposal of the WTP’s immobilized
waste products.
Click here
to access the Office of River Protection Project Baseline Summaries.

Paducah
The Paducah site, comprising approximately 3,400 acres, is located in rural western
Kentucky, 15 miles west of Paducah, Kentucky, near the confluence of the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers.
For approximately 50 years, the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) supported
the Federal Government and commercial nuclear power missions. Decades of nuclear
energy and national security missions left radioactive and chemical contamination.
The mission of the site has transitioned from primarily enrichment operations to
shared missions with environmental cleanup, waste management, depleted uranium conversion,
deactivation and decommissioning, and long-term stewardship.
The original mission at the PGDP was to produce low-assay enriched uranium for further
enrichment at other Department of Energy (DOE) sites and then for use as commercial
nuclear reactor fuel. In 1993, uranium enrichment operations were turned over to
the United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC) in accordance with the Energy Policy
Act of 1992. Under USEC, production of enriched uranium for use in the United States
and abroad continues today. While USEC leases and operates the enrichment program
under NRC regulation, the Department owns the physical plant and is responsible
for the environmental cleanup. USEC is responsible for the operation and maintenance
of all primary process facilities and auxiliary facilities at Paducah.
Since the 1950s, the depleted uranium hexafluoride produced during enrichment operations
at the Portsmouth and Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plants (and the East Tennessee Technology
Park in Tennessee) has been stored in large steel cylinders at the sites. DOE is
currently responsible for the management of approximately 700,000 metric tons of
depleted uranium hexafluoride at Paducah and Portsmouth (about 39,000 cylinders
at Paducah). DOE awarded a contract and started construction in July 2004 on a depleted
uranium hexafluoride conversion facility at Paducah, to convert the depleted uranium
hexafluoride to a more stable form for reuse or disposal. This facility will operate
over the next two decades. DOE is ultimately responsible for the deactivation and
decommissioning of the facilities.
The Department is committed to the cleanup of the PGDP to industrial standards for
the portion of the site currently supporting the site’s mission, and to recreational
standards for the remainder of the site. Limited land areas will require institutional
controls following remediation. Excess buildings at Paducah that are not being leased
are being assessed for reuse by the Department and will be scheduled for demolition
if they are not suitable for reuse. Equipment and material removed from buildings
will be decontaminated, reused, or recycled to the extent practicable.
Click here
to access the Paducah Project Baseline Summaries.

Pantex
The Pantex Plant is located in the Texas Panhandle, approximately 17 miles northeast
of Amarillo, Texas. Pantex was established in 1942 to build conventional munitions
in support of World War II. Pantex was deactivated in 1945 and sold to Texas Technical
University. In 1951 the Plant was reclaimed for use by the Atomic Energy Commission
to build nuclear weapons. Pantex continues with an active mission to support the
nuclear weapons stockpile for the United States Department of Energy/National Nuclear
Security Administration.
Historical waste management operations at the Pantex plant have resulted in contamination
of the soils and the groundwater. Primarily High Explosives, metals, and solvents
exist in the soil located in the main operational areas and Burning Ground at the
Pantex Plant. The perched groundwater contaminant plume has migrated past the Plant
boundaries and onto adjacent landowner’s property to the southeast. The lower Ogallala
Aquifer is the primary water supply for Pantex and the area landowners. Located
immediately north of the Pantex property boundary is a well field in the Ogallala
Aquifer that supplies a portion of the water supply to the cities of Amarillo and
Panhandle. Contamination in the perched groundwater has the potential to leach deeper
if appropriate corrective measures are not implemented to mitigate the risk.
Starting in the late 1980’s, DOE EM began funding the ER Program at Pantex. This
Program investigates historical release sites, as well as potential contamination
sites, and performs corrective actions to mitigate future releases, risks to human
health and the environment. Corrective actions are implemented using a risk-based
corrective action approach that is consistent with applicable state and federal
regulatory requirements.
In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act Facility Assessment of the Pantex Plant that identified 252 potential
release sites, and resulted in an Environmental Protection Agency Order stipulating
response measures for these release sites.
In 2008, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) approved the Corrective
Measure Study/Feasibility Study and EPA approved all of the Human Health Risk Assessments,
the Ecological Risk Assessment, and the corrective Measure study/Feasibility Study.
Both agencies approved the Proposed Plan for public notice and distribution. Public
comments on the proposed remedies were recently received, along with comments from
EPA’s National Remedy Review Board.
Click here
to access the Pantex Project Baseline Summaries.

Portsmouth
The Portsmouth site is located approximately 75 miles south of Columbus, Ohio in
the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. For approximately 50 years, the Portsmouth
Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Portsmouth, Ohio supported the Federal Government and
commercial nuclear power missions.
Construction of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant began in late 1952 with a
mission to increase the national production of enriched uranium and maintain the
nation’s superiority in the development and use of nuclear energy. The first enrichment
diffusion cells went on line in September 1954, and the facility was fully operational
in March 1956. Both government and commercials uses required the enriched uranium.
In the mid-1980s, the facilities and equipment required for the next generation
of enrichment facility technology, the Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plant (GCEP), were
constructed and installed at Portsmouth. However, the project was terminated in1985,
before going into full production, due to a significant reduction in the worldwide
market for enriched material. In 2004, the United States Enrichment Corporation
selected the Portsmouth site as the location for deployment of a commercial centrifuge
plant. As a result, the United States Enrichment Corporation identified a number
of buildings and areas that are or will be transitioning to the Department of Energy
(DOE) under the terms of the lease agreement.
The Department maintained the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant facilities in cold
standby from 2001 to 2005. In 2005, the facilities were transitioned to cold shutdown,
and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion
Plant were initiated. In FY 2007, the Department formally established the approach
to be taken to implement D&D activities and cleanup of the site.
Five decades of uranium enrichment operations resulted in the Department’s inventory
of depleted uranium hexafluoride. A contract was awarded in August 2002 to design,
build, and initially operate two facilities (Paducah, KY and Portsmouth, OH) to
convert the depleted uranium hexafluoride. The Project’s mission is to provide for
the conversion of the depleted uranium hexafluoride to a more stable chemical form
(uranium oxide) suitable for beneficial reuse and/or disposal. The construction
and operation of these plants was mandated by Congress (Public Laws 105-204 and
107-206), and construction began in 2004.
The Department is committed to clean up of the Portsmouth site to industrial standards.
Limited land areas will require institutional controls following remediation. Equipment
and material removed from buildings will be decontaminated, reused, or recycled
to the extent practicable.
Click here
to access the Portsmouth Project Baseline Summaries.

Richland
Operations Office
The Richland Operations Office manages cleanup of the Hanford Site, with the exception
of the reprocessing waste tank farms (managed by the Office of River Protection),
and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (managed by the Office of Science,
Pacific Northwest Site Office). Located in southeastern Washington State, the 1,533
square kilometer (586 square mile) site contains the Central Plateau, the River
Corridor, and the Fast Flux Test Facility and a large area of natural-habitat buffer
zone.
For more than 40 years, plutonium for the nation’s nuclear defense program was produced
at the Hanford Site. As a result, areas within the site’s boundaries are contaminated
by chemical or radioactive waste making the Hanford Site the largest environmental
restoration effort in the nation. Peak production years were reached in the 1960s
when nine production reactors were in operation along the Columbia River. The last
reactor to be shutdown was the N-Reactor and its spent fuel (originally stored in
the K-Basins) has been relocated to dry storage on the Central Plateau. Soil and
groundwater contamination from past operations resulted in placement of the site
on the National Priorities (Superfund) List.
The specifics, priorities, and milestones associated with the cleanup program are
addressed in a 1989 Hanford Federal Facilities Agreement and Consent Order known
as the Tri-Party Agreement. Parties to the agreement are the DOE, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and the Washington State Department of Ecology.
Click here
to access the Richland Operations Office Project Baseline Summaries.

Sandia
Site Office
Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico (SNL/NM) is located on Kirtland Air Force
Base (KAFB) in central New Mexico. SNL/NM is a government-owned contractor-operated
facility owned by the Department of Energy/ National Nuclear Safety Administration
(DOE/NNSA) and managed by the Sandia Site Office (SSO). KAFB is a 51,559-acre military
installation, including 20,486 acres withdrawn from the Cibola National Forest through
an agreement with the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). KAFB and SNL/NM are located adjacent
to the City of Albuquerque, which borders KAFB on its north, northeast, west, and
southwest boundaries. The total area of DOE/ NNSA-owned property that is dedicated
to SNL/NM facilities and operations is approximately 8,585 acres. Sandia conducts
operations within 2,841 acres of that land. An additional 5,817 acres in remote
areas are provided to DOE through land use agreements with the U.S. Air Force (USAF)
and Isleta Pueblo Indian reservation. An additional 9,000 acres serve as a buffer
zone near the southwest boundary of KAFB.
SNL/NM began operations in 1945 as part of the Manhattan Project, which produced
the first nuclear weapon. In 1949, President Harry Truman wrote American Telephone
& Telegraph (AT&T) Corporation offering the company “an opportunity to render an
exceptional service in the national interest” by managing Sandia Corporation. Sandia
Corporation is the contractor that operates SNL/NM for the DOE/NNSA. AT&T managed
Sandia Corporation for 44 years. Today, Sandia Corporation is managed by Lockheed
Martin Corporation.
The Environmental Management (EM) Program at SSO consists of a single Environmental
Restoration (ER) Project at SNL/NM. Many of the processes used in carrying out SNL's
mission involve the use of hazardous and radioactive materials. The ER Project is
chartered with the assessment and, if necessary, the remediation of sites that were
formerly used for operations such as testing and disposal. This assessment began
formally in 1984 for SNL/NM, when DOE's Albuquerque Operations Office (DOE/AL) initiated
the Comprehensive Environmental Assessment and Response Program (CEARP) to identify,
assess, and remediate potentially hazardous waste sites. A similar assessment was
conducted by the EPA Region VI in April 1987 during the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Assessment. These programs ultimately defined a working
inventory of Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) to be investigated during the
course of the ER Project at SNL/NM. Today there are a total of 268 legacy sites
and 3 Groundwater Areas of Concern (GW AOCs) that are required to meet the corrective
action requirements to remediate environmental releases under RCRA and the New Mexico
Environment Department Compliance Order on Consent. Three of the legacy sites are
considered “deferred active mission” sites that pose a future cleanup liability.
Click here
to access the Sandia Site Office Project Baseline Summaries.
Savannah
River
Savannah River Site (SRS) encompasses over 310 square miles and is located near
Aiken, South Carolina. The site was built in the 1950’s to provide nuclear materials
in support of the Cold War effort. Eighteen unique areas supported the operation
of five reactors, two separation facilities, a heavy water production facility,
a fuel rod manufacturing facility, liquid and solid waste storage and treatment
facilities as well as general support facilities and office buildings. About 10%
of the total land area is used for administration and the operations. The remaining
90% is comprised of upland forest (73%), wetlands (22%) and roadways (5%). Although
there are continuing and new production missions at the SRS, the majority of the
site mission is Environmental Cleanup. As cleanup activities are completed, continuing
operations will be concentrated to the site central core area. The land surrounding
the central core area will provide a protective buffer. SRS is managed by contractors
and oversight is provided by DOE Savannah River Operations Office.
The EM mission completion goal at SRS is to permanently dispose of all Environmental
Management (EM) nuclear material and waste, decommission all EM facilities, and
remediate all SRS inactive waste units. The vast majority of EM nuclear material
and waste will be permanently removed from SRS and dispositioned offsite. At completion,
all inactive waste units will be remediated by employing an Area-by-Area completion
strategy and any contaminated groundwater will be remediated, undergoing remediation,
or monitored to ensure protection of human health and the environment. Areas for
which waste will remain will be under institutional controls, comprised of access
restrictions, inspections, maintenance, and monitoring. Concurrently with Area completion,
all EM facilities will be decommissioned, except when the facility will be re-used
to support other long-range federal missions at SRS, or designated for historical
preservation or re-use for economic development.
The removal and offsite disposition of EM nuclear material and waste will significantly
reduce risk at SRS. Any remaining hazards will be orders of magnitude less in quantity.
Risk to onsite and offsite receptors will be reduced to an acceptable risk level
that is protective of human health and the environment and consistent with environmental
laws and regulations.
Click here
to access the Savannah River Project Baseline Summaries.

Separations
Process Research Unit Disposition Project
The Separations Process Research Unit (SPRU) is located within the currently operating
170-acre Naval Reactor’s (NR) Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in Niskayuna, New York,
near Schenectady. The Mohawk River forms the northern boundary of this site. General
Electric’s Global Research Center is to the west, and a closed municipal landfill
and small town park is to the east. A residential area is located to the south (across
the street) from the laboratory.
The SPRU Project includes the following nuclear facilities; Building H2 (including
tanks within the building), Building G2, and interconnecting pipe tunnels, totaling
about 50,000 square feet. The facilities were a pilot plant to research the process
to separate plutonium from irradiated matrices. The facilities and process systems
were flushed and drained after operations ceased in 1953; however, radioactive contamination
remains in process piping and on floors, walls, and ceilings. Groundwater and soil
immediately adjacent to the facilities are contaminated. In addition, about thirty
acres of land including a former railroad staging area and an area known as the
North Field were impacted by spills and leaks from radioactive waste containers
that were temporarily stored in these areas. The Mohawk River also is slightly contaminated
with radioactivity from past SPRU operations, although agreement has been reached
with the State of New York that no cleanup will be needed there.
The approved mission of the SPRU project is to disposition the facilities and land
to achieve U.S Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management project
completion including transfer of all property back to NR for continued mission use
by 2014. Portions of the SPRU disposition project will be regulated under a Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Permit now under negotiation with
NYSDEC. While a project schedule will be submitted as part of the final permit,
no enforceable milestones are currently in place.
Click here
to access the Separations Process Research Unit Project Baseline Summaries.

Stanford
Linear Accelerator
The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) site occupies 426 acres of Stanford
property in San Mateo County outside of Menlo Park, south of San Francisco, California.
SLAC is currently leased to DOE and is sited approximately 2 miles west of the main
campus.
Since its construction in the 1960s, state-of-the-art electron accelerators and
related experimental facilities for use in high-energy physics and synchrotron radiation
research have been designed, constructed, and operated at SLAC. The main research
facilities currently include the LINAC, the Positron-Electron Project (PEP) storage
ring, the Stanford Positron-Electron Asymmetric Ring (SPEAR), the Stanford Linear
Collider (SLC; currently inactive), and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
(SSRL). These research activities are planned to continue into the foreseeable future
with the planned construction of the Linear Coherent Light Source being the next
major research project.
Historically, research and support operations at SLAC included the storage and use
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals,
petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, and grease), and other
hazardous materials. The generation of radiation has also induced radioactivity
(tritium) in local areas of soil and groundwater at the facility. The Office of
Science (SC) is responsible for managing the tritium operable unit of the project.
The Project mission is to continue to conduct necessary actions at the Investigation
Areas and Miscellaneous Soil Sites for which EM is responsible including the remediation
of impacted soil, implementation of necessary long-term groundwater remediation
remedies, and transfer of responsibility for long-term operation and maintenance
of necessary groundwater treatment systems to the SC. This will allow DOE to meet
ongoing obligations as defined in the DOE lease agreement with Stanford University
(April 26, 1962), comply with the California Regional Water Quality Control Board,
San Francisco Bay Area Region (RWQCB) site cleanup requirement Order (RWQCB, 2005)
and achieve Project completion.
Click here
to access the Stanford Linear Accelerator Project Baseline Summaries.

West
Valley Demonstration Project
The West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) is a unique operation within the Department
of Energy. It came into being through the West Valley Demonstration Project Act
of 1980. The Act requires that the Department is responsible for solidifying the
high-level waste, disposing of waste created by the solidification, and decommissioning
the facilities used in the process. The land and facilities are not owned by the
Department. Rather, the project premises are the property of the New York State
Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and represents only 200 acres
of the larger Western New York Service Center, which is approximately 3,300 acres,
also owned by NYSERDA. After DOE's responsibilities under the Act are complete,
the Act requires that the premises be returned to New York State. Until that time,
the Act requires New York State to pay 10 percent of the Project costs, and the
Department pays the remaining 90 percent.
Located about 40 miles south of Buffalo, the WVDP occupies the site of the only
commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing facility to have operated in the United States.
During commercial operations of the site in the late sixties and early seventies,
approximately 640 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel was reprocessed. Reprocessing
operations were halted between 1972 and 1976 to support facility modifications,
but operations never resumed. When DOE became responsible for the site in 1980,
approximately 600,000 gallons of liquid high level waste (HLW) were stored in two
single shelled, carbon steel underground tanks.
Since then, DOE has performed waste disposition, decontamination, deactivation,
and disposition of facilities, and infrastructure/landlord activities. To date,
the site has solidified over 600,000 gallons of HLW into 275 canisters and shipped
over 1,000,000 cubic feet of low level waste (LLW).
Click here
to access the West Valley Project Baseline Summaries.